Common fault analysis points of aviation piston engine
The analysis points of common faults of aviation piston engines are as follows:
First, the fuel system failure
Fault symptoms:
Difficulty or inability to start the engine.
The engine ran unsteadily and the power dropped.
Fuel leak.
Cause of failure:
Fuel pump failure: Fuel pump wear, blockage, or seal failure, resulting in insufficient or interrupted fuel supply.
Fuel filter blockage: the fuel filter is not replaced in time, and impurities clog the filter screen, affecting the fuel flow.
Fuel nozzle failure: Fuel nozzle blockage, wear or poor atomization, resulting in uneven fuel injection.
Fuel line problem: Aging, vibration, or impact of the fuel line causes the pipeline to crack and the connector to loosen, resulting in fuel leakage.
Key points of analysis:
Check the fuel system regularly, including components such as fuel pumps, fuel filters, fuel nozzles, and lines.
Clean or replace clogged fuel filters to keep the fuel system clean.
Check the atomization of the fuel nozzle and clean or replace it if necessary.
Repair or replace damaged fuel lines to ensure normal fuel supply.
Second, ignition system failure
Fault symptoms:
Difficulty or inability to start the engine.
The engine ran unsteadily and the power dropped.
Engine knock or fire.
Cause of failure:
Ignition coil failure: Ignition coil aging, short circuit or open circuit, resulting in failure to generate high voltage.
Spark plug failure: spark plug electrode wear, carbon accumulation or excessive gap, affecting the ignition performance.
Magneto failure: magneto pulse coupling, distributor, contact and other parts are damaged, resulting in improper ignition.
High voltage conductor failure: The high voltage conductor insulator is broken down, poor contact or leakage, resulting in the failure of high voltage transmission.
Key points of analysis:
Check the ignition system regularly, including components such as ignition coils, spark plugs, magneto and high voltage wires.
Replace aging or damaged ignition coils and spark plugs.
Check the working condition of the magneto and repair or replace it if necessary.
Repair or replace the damaged high voltage wire to ensure the normal transmission of high voltage.
Third, mechanical system failure
Fault symptoms:
Abnormal engine noise or vibration.
Engine power is down.
Engine overheating or leaking oil.
Cause of failure:
Cylinder, piston, connecting rod and other parts wear: long time operation leads to parts wear, match clearance increases.
Bearing damage: excessive wear or loosening of bearings, resulting in unstable operation.
Crankshaft, camshaft and other parts failure: crankshaft bending, camshaft wear, etc., affect engine performance.
Seal failure: The seal is aged, broken or improperly installed, resulting in oil leakage.
Key points of analysis:
Regular inspection of engine mechanical components, including cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, bearings, crankshafts and camshafts.
Measure the fit clearance of the component and adjust or replace it if necessary.
Replace damaged bearings and seals.
Check the curvature of the crankshaft and the wear of the camshaft and repair or replace it if necessary.
Fourth, cooling system failure
Fault symptoms:
The engine is overheating.
Engine power is down.
Coolant leak.
Cause of failure:
Pump failure: Pump impeller wear, seal failure or bearing damage, resulting in poor coolant circulation.
Heat sink fault: The heat sink is blocked, damaged, or the fan is faulty, which affects heat dissipation.
Coolant leakage: Aging pipes, loose joints, or failed seals may cause coolant leakage.
Key points of analysis:
Check the cooling system regularly, including components such as pumps, radiators, and coolant lines.
Clean or replace a blocked radiator.
Repair or replace damaged or leaking coolant lines and seals.
Check the working status of the pump and repair or replace it if necessary.
Fifth, oil system failure
Fault symptoms:
Engine oil pressure is low.
Excessive engine oil consumption.
The engine oil temperature is too high.
Cause of failure:
Oil pump failure: Oil pump wear, blockage or seal failure, resulting in insufficient oil supply.
Oil filter blockage: oil filter is not replaced in time, impurities clog the filter screen, affecting oil flow.
Lubricating oil line problem: aging, vibration or impact of lubricating oil line leads to pipe rupture and joint loosening, resulting in lubricating oil leakage.
Engine parts wear: cylinders, pistons, connecting rods and other parts wear, resulting in increased oil consumption.
Key points of analysis:
Check oil systems regularly, including oil pumps, oil filters, oil lines and engine components.
Replace worn or clogged oil pumps and oil filters.
Repair or replace damaged or leaking tubing lines.
Check engine parts for wear and tear and repair or replace them if necessary.
Sixth, other common faults
Fault symptoms:
Stop the engine as soon as it starts.
The engine runs unsteadily and wobbles.
Engine indicator abnormal.
Cause of failure:
Fuel supply is insufficient or interrupted.
Improper ignition or spark plug carbon deposit.
Engine sensor failure.
Engine control instrument failure.
Key points of analysis:
Check the supply status of the fuel system to ensure that the fuel supply is normal.
Check the timing of the ignition system and the working status of the spark plug.
Use diagnostic tools to check the working status of engine sensors and control instruments.
According to the diagnosis results, take the corresponding repair or replacement measures.
